One of the first things I wanted to do after buying my first SLR camera was to get a decent photo of the moon. This past week (10 months later), I had a chance to borrow a friends 300mm lens and give it a try.
Setup on a tripod, mirror lockup and a shutter release cable produced a small circular object in the center of the frame. I needed a fast shutter speed of 1/640s at iso400 to prevent the moon from looking like a complete white dot.
In Photoshop, instead of resizing the photo down, I tightly cropped around the moon and added a fairly aggressive unsharp mask somewhere around 150% at a radius of 1.5. I desaturated the photo by 25% to remove some of the orange but not completely to B&W and added a very small curve to darken the shadows.